Learn the basics and terminology of these magnets, so you know all about magnets

Fundamentals of Magnet
Overview of Magnetic Materials: Magnetism is one of the basic properties of matter. Magnetic phenomena are associated with various forms of charge movement, due to the electron movement and spin inside the material will produce a certain size of the magnetic field, which produces magnetism. All substances are magnetic. According to the different magnetic nature can be divided into paramagnetic material, diamagnetic material, ferromagnetic material, antiferromagnetic material, and ferrimagnetic material, ferromagnetic material and ferrimagnetic material belonging to the strong magnetic material, usually these two types of material collectively referred to as magnetic materials.

Classification, performance characteristics and uses of magnetic materials:
1 Ferrite magnetic material: generally refers to the conformity oxide of iron oxide and other metal oxides. Most of them are ferrimagnetic. Features: The resistivity is much higher than that of metal, about 1-10(12 times)/cm, so the vortex loss and skin effect is small, suitable for high frequency use. Saturation magnetization is low, not suitable for high magnetic density occasions. Curie temperature is relatively low.

2 ferromagnetic material: refers to the material with ferromagnetic. For example, iron-nickel-cobalt and its alloys, alloys of certain rare earth elements. Below the Curie temperature, the material has a large magnetization when the external magnetism is added.

3 Ferrimagnetic materials: refers to materials with ferrimagnetism, such as various ferrites, which have greater magnetization when the external magnetism is added below the Nair temperature.

4 permanent magnet material: the magnet is magnetized thick except that the magnetic field still has strong magnetism, which is characterized by high coercivity and large magnetic energy product. Can be divided into aluminum nickel cobalt, rare earth cobalt, neodymium iron boron and so on. Ferrite permanent magnets, for example, barium ferrite, strontium ferrite, other permanent magnets, such as plastic magnets.

5 soft magnetic material: easy to magnetize and demagnetize the material. Mn-Zn ferrite soft magnetic material, its working frequency is between 1K-10M. Nickel zinc ferrite soft magnetic material, the working frequency is generally 1-300MHZ.

6 Metal soft magnetic materials: compared with ferrite with high saturation magnetic induction intensity and low coercivity, such as engineering pure iron, iron-aluminum alloy, iron-cobalt alloy, iron-nickel alloy, etc., commonly used in transformers.

the professional terminology of magnet: 

1 Saturation magnetic induction intensity: (saturation magnetic flux density) The magnetic induction intensity when the magnetic body is magnetized to the saturated state. In practical applications, the saturation magnetic induction intensity often refers to the magnetic induction intensity under a specified magnetic field (the magnetic field when the magnetic saturation is basically reached).

2 remanence induction intensity: from the saturation state of the magnetic body, the magnetic field (including self-demagnetizing field) monotonically reduced to 0 magnetic induction intensity.

3 magnetic flux density coercivity, he is from the saturation magnetization state of the magnetic body, along the saturation hysteresis loop monotonically change the magnetic field strength, so that the magnetic induction intensity B is reduced to 0 when the magnetic induction intensity.

4 intrinsic coercive force: magnetic field strength that reduces the magnetization M to 0 from the saturation magnetization state of the magnetic body.

5 Magnetic energy product: the product of the magnetic induction intensity and magnetic field intensity at any point on the demagnetization curve of the permanent magnet.

6 Initial permeability: the limit value of the magnetic permeability of the magnetic body in the magnetic neutral state.

7 Loss angle tangent: He is the ratio of the imaginary part to the real part of the complex magnetic conductivity in series, and its physical meaning is the ratio of the loss energy to the stored energy of the magnetic material in the weekly period of the alternating magnetic field.

8 Specific loss tangent: This is the ratio of the loss tangent of the material to the initial permeability.

9 Temperature coefficient: Between two given temperatures, the measured change is divided by the temperature change.

10 Specific temperature coefficient of magnetic permeability: the ratio of the temperature coefficient of magnetic permeability to magnetic permeability.

11 Curie temperature: At this temperature, the spontaneous magnetization is zero, that is, the critical temperature at which the ferromagnetic material (or submagnetic material) changes from the ferromagnetic state (or ferrimagnetic state) to the paramagnetic state.